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Public school advocates keep aiming at the wrong target. The question isn鈥檛 whether school choice should exist. It already does. The real question is whether to fight for equity within it or watch as inequities deepen. 

Parents navigate charter schools, vouchers and a growing marketplace of education options every day. For some families, these opportunities open doors that traditional systems have long kept closed. For others, they widen gaps, creating new advantages for those with time, knowledge, or resources to navigate complex systems. 

That鈥檚 the fork in the road: Will school choice become a lever for equity or another layer of inequality? What happens next depends less on whether choice exists and more on how leaders, policymakers and practitioners choose to design, regulate and support it.

As a principal of a nontraditional high school in Tennessee built to give juniors and seniors a second chance at graduation, I saw firsthand how transportation made 鈥渃hoice鈥� inequitable. Our school was open to all students in the district, but the catch was that families had to provide their own way there.

Over time, as the demographics of our community shifted, we saw more students enrolling from affluent schools while fewer came from inner-city and Title I schools 鈥� the very students who stood to benefit most. Day after day, I sat with families who desperately wanted the opportunity but were unable to access it. The lesson was clear: Choice without infrastructure only stands to reinforce privilege rather than broaden opportunity.

The strongest critiques of school choice aren鈥檛 about the principle of offering families more options; they鈥檙e about access. For choice to deliver on its promise, access has to mean more than an open seat. It has to mean that every family, regardless of income, language, or need, can truly participate. Without that, choice stops being an opportunity and starts being just an illusion of opportunity. 

Transportation is just one of the barriers, affecting families without cars, flexible jobs or reliable public transit. Enrollment processes add another layer of inequity: complex paperwork, limited multilingual communication and opaque lotteries often shut out families who already face systemic disadvantages. For students with disabilities and English learners, the inequities deepen. Research shows charter schools often provide patchy services with weak oversight, while private schools in voucher programs may decline to serve these students altogether since they aren鈥檛 bound by the same legal protections.

Funding and accountability form the final fault lines. When dollars follow students out of neighborhood schools without adjustments, budgets destabilize and fewer resources for the children left behind. And even within schools of choice, oversight is inconsistent. Too often, leaders track test scores but not who is being served, allowing schools to avoid providing the services students need.

These patterns suggest that the risks of choice lie not in the idea itself, but in how unevenly families can access and benefit from it, and how lightly systems hold schools accountable for equity. The way forward isn鈥檛 to fight the existence of choice but to shape its design. Equity has to be built into the foundation: guaranteed transportation, simplified and fair enrollment systems, real accountability for serving all students, and funding models that strengthen rather than destabilize public schools. Otherwise, choice risks reinforcing the very divides it claims to close.

If school choice is going to expand, policymakers have a responsibility to make equity part of the design, not an afterthought. That starts with four commitments:

• Transportation Access: Guarantee funding and infrastructure so families without cars or flexible work schedules can actually reach the schools they choose. In Indianapolis, for instance, some public charter schools pay as much as $1 million a year to provide bus services. A law that passed in April requires Indiana school districts to work with charters on transportation and facilities plans. More states should follow suit.

• Equitable Enrollment & Family Support: Simplify and standardize application processes, require multilingual communication, and provide 鈥渃hoice navigators鈥� or resource centers so families with less social capital aren鈥檛 left behind. Some school districts, particularly, and Philadelphia, provide strong lottery systems with support from navigators in several languages. But such support shouldn鈥檛 depend on individual districts. It should be built into state and federal policy.

• Special Education & Student Services: Hold charter and private choice schools to the same expectations as public schools when it comes to serving students with disabilities, English learners, and students requiring additional support that schools of choice do not always provide.
  
• Accountability & Funding Fairness: Track not only test scores but also who is being served. Are low-income families, English learners, and students with disabilities represented equitably? Are schools counseling students out? And are funding models strengthening, not destabilizing, the public schools that remain?

School choice is not going away, but its future shape is still undecided. 

Public education has always been the surest path to opportunity, and I see it as the key to unlocking success for all kids. Whether school choice narrows or widens opportunity is up to all of us. If the goal is equity, then the focus has to move beyond fighting choice itself and toward shaping policies that make it fair, accessible, and accountable. That鈥檚 the only way to ensure choice strengthens, rather than fractures, the promise of public education.

If policymakers, advocates, and practitioners want choice to be more than a slogan, they have to design it with equity at the center. That means treating transportation, special education, family support, accountability, and funding fairness not as side issues but as nonnegotiables. 

The future of school choice is being written right now. It can open doors, or it can reinforce walls.

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